TOD(Transit-Oriented-Development) is a development pattern that focuses on public transportation. This concept was introduced by Peter Calthorpe, a representative figure of New Urbanism, as a way to address the unrestricted sprawl of American cities after World War II. TOD aims to create walkable urban areas centered around public transportation, such as subway, light rail, and bus lines, with transit stations as the hub. These areas are developed within a radius of 400-800m (5-10 minutes’ walking distance) and integrate various functions, including work, commerce, culture, education, and residential areas. The goal is to achieve a compact and harmonious development pattern for urban communities. TOD is an internationally recognized urban community development model and one of the most representative patterns of New Urbanism. It is widely utilized in urban development, particularly in areas that have not yet been extensively developed. The approach involves acquiring land in the planning and development area at a low price, introducing public transportation, creating a time lag in the appreciation of land value, and then selling the “developed land” with improved infrastructure. The government can recover the initial investment in public transportation from the returns generated by the increased land value.
