Acid reflux, also known as heartburn, is caused by the malfunctioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This muscle is responsible for preventing stomach acid from flowing back up into the esophagus. When the LES weakens or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can irritate the lining of the esophagus, leading to acid reflux.
- Possible causes of acid reflux include:
- 1. Hiatal hernia: This occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, which can weaken the LES.
- 2. Excessive stomach acid production: Certain foods, such as spicy or fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol, can stimulate the stomach to produce more acid than necessary.
- 3. Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on the stomach, causing acid to flow back into the esophagus.
Moreover, factors like pregnancy, smoking, certain medications, and a family history of acid reflux can also contribute to the condition.
It is important to manage acid reflux through lifestyle changes, such as avoiding trigger foods, maintaining a healthy weight, and elevating the head while sleeping to prevent acid from flowing back up. Additionally, medications like antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors can provide relief by reducing stomach acid production or neutralizing it.
